Latin America Essay -- essays research papers

Hisotry of Latin the StatesHistory of the region from the pre-Columbian period and including colonization by the Spanish and Portuguese beginning in the 15th century, the 19th-century wars of indep depotence, and developments to the end of World War II.Latin America is generally understood to consist of the entire continent of South America in addition to Mexico, Central America, and the islands of the Caribbean whose inhabitants speak a Romance language. The peoples of this large area shared the experience of conquest and colonization by the Spaniards and Portuguese from the late 15th through the 18th centuries as well as movements of freedom from Spain and Portugal in the early 19th century. Even since independence, many of the various nations have experienced similar trends, and they have some awareness of a common heritage. However, there are excessively enormous differences between them. Not only do the people live in a large outcome of independent units, provided the geog raphy and climate of their countries vary immensely, and their social and cultural characteristics differ according to the dissimilar constitution of the inhabitants before the Iberian conquest and the different timing and nature of European occupation.Since the Spanish and Portuguese element looms so large in the history region, it is sometimes proposed that Iberoamerica would be a better verge than of the Latin America. Latin seems to suggest an equal importance of the French and Italian contributions, which is far from being the case. Nevertheless, usage has fastened on Latin America, and it is retained here.The independence of Latin America After three centuries of colonial rule, independence came rather suddenly to most of Spanish and Portuguese America. Between 1808 and 1826 all of Latin America except the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico slipped out of the hands of the Iberian powers who had ruled the region since the conquest. The rapidity and timing of that dramat ic change were the result of a crew of long-building tensions in colonial rule and a series of external events.The reforms imposed by the Spanish Bourbons in the 18th century provoked great unbalance in the relations between the rulers and their colonial subjects in the Americas. Many Creoles (those of Spanish parentage but who were born in America) felt Bourbon policy to be an unjust attack on their wealth, po... ...ts was slow to appear in Latin America. Brazil was the most successful, selling automobiles and automotive parts mainly to other developing countries but at times even to the industrialized world. A slightly less satisfactory alternative was the setting up of plants to assemble imported parts into consumer goods that were instantly exported, thus taking advantage of Latin Americas low labour costs. Such plants proliferated along Mexicos northern border (where they were known as maquiladoras) but sprang up to a fault in Central America and around the Caribbean. In ot her instances Latin Americans tried to develop new ("nontraditional") primary commodity exports. Colombian cuff flowers were a highly successful example of the latter, promoted from the late 1960s through special incentives such as tax rebates Colombia became the worlds second leading flower exporter. It also assumed a leading role in the illicit narcotics trade. It enjoyed a brief boom of marijuana exports in the 1970s and in the following ex became the worlds leading supplier of cocaine, which was processed in clandestine Colombian laboratories from coca leaf paste mostly originating in Bolivia and Peru.

Promotion and Retention of Women in Mathematics :: Mathematical Careers Education Essays

Promotion and Retention of Women in Mathematics How do we interest and retain more women in the field of mathematics? Women at present make up nearly half the under potassium alum math majors in the U.S. (1993 Annual Survey of the American Mathematical Society and the Mathematical connecter of America) yet in graduate math programs, only about one-quarter of the American students are women (Adhikari & Nolan, 1997, p. 17). For women who choose SME (Science, Mathematics, Engineering) majors, persistence rates in the major are significantly lower than that of male peers. (Seymour, 1995, p. 438) I am interested in the topic because I am a female who experienced pursuing undergraduate and graduate mathematics degrees. I want to know what I can do to help motivate other women in mathematics. While reading the literature, I became cognizant of subtle personal experiences that paralleled common experiences of women pursuing mathematics majors. Whereas I had informally considered my a ttempts at fair, consistent treatment for all students to be positively related to motivate women (and other minorities) in mathematics, upon reading the literature a strong case is made for additional support to different groups.Although I will focus the bulk of the paper on college experiences that influence women in SME majors, literature besides points to the influence of pre-college coursework. Maple and Stage (1991) found that students who took more science and math courses in high drill were significantly more likely to choose science and math majors in college (Trusty, 2002). Farmer, Wardrop, Anderson, and Risinger (1995) found taking nonappointive science courses in high inculcate had a moderate direct effect onpersistence for women in science-related careers, but taking elective math courses did not. (p. 163) Although in this research taking elective math courses was not found to effect persistence of women in science-related careers, I contend that math courses are s till critical as they are prerequisites for science electives of chemistry and physics. The National Science Foundation has reported, young women have lower interest in math courses and take fewer advanced math courses (Farmer, Wardrop, Anderson and Risinger, 1995, p. 157). In addition, Seymour and Hewitt (1997) found the effects of inadequate high school preparation to be the most common contributor to early decisions to switch from SME (science, mathematics, engineering) majors to non-SME majors (p. 79). Seymour (1995) also points out that studies have noted the subtle deterrents to active participation in mathematics and science which bear upon precollege girls (p.

Racism Revealed: Hurricane Katrina Essays -- Personal Essays Natural D

Hurricane Katrina struck the city of New siege of Orleans, Louisiana on August 29th, 2005. The events that followed would leave the social unit nation in shock until this day. One of the major topics of discussion after this disaster was whether or not the governments inert reaction time had anything to do with the accompaniment that New Orleans is sixty-seven percent African American. As helicopters circled a wasteland that was once a major tourist attraction, the racism of the Deep South, prospect to be extinct, proved it was only dormant. The same racism against African Americans that could be seen on Bourbon Street in the months prior to the hurricane reared its ugly head once much in Gretna, LA and was pointed out on live television by rapper Kanye West.In February of 2005, Georgian Southern University student Levon Jones died of suffocation after be detained on the ground by three white bouncers at a Bourbon Street bar. Black leaders have blamed Jones death on the w idespread racist policies in the French Quarter. Their claims are based on a survey sponsored by the city of New Orleans in which it was revealed that fifteen of twenty-nine Bourbon Street bars discriminated against Blacks by charging phony cover charges, gouging on drink prices and enforcing unequal dress codes. Almost five months after Joness death, the National Association for the cash advance of Colored People (NAACP) held a march to protest the racist policies of business owners in the French Quarter. This proves that racism against African Americans did exist in New Orleans prior to Hurricane Katrina. After Hurricane Katrina was done wreaking havoc on the Gulf Coast, victims of the hurricane from New Orleans sought food and shelter in the neighboring to... ...cuation Route. Nicholas Riccardi. September 18th, 2005 pg. 25Document URL http//proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=898116091&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1128370496&clientId=1076 2Proquest Document ID 8981160913.Chicago Tribune. Racism charge in slow flow of relief supplies. September 6th, 2005 pg. 9Document URLhttp//proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=892613891&SrchMode=1&sid=6&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1128370816&clientId=10762 Proquest Document ID 892613891

marriage under fire :: essays research papers

Marriage under FireWe must remember what marriage is for and why God has given(p) it the design he did. Marriage is to be between a man and a woman. This goes back to the beginning of time and why God created woman in the first place to provide a military serviceful mate for Adam it was not good that man should be alone (Genesis 118, 20-23). So we escort that marriage was Gods idea, not men. Knowing this, why in the world would we as the Statesns give that right to gay couples? Marriage is a blessing the God gave to man. In society nowadays, many individuals have forgotten the importance of marriage. People have the tendencies to marry anyone at anytime because they do not see the significance of marriage and God. America was founded by God and his beliefs. The United States screams God everywhere from currency to the Pledge of Allegiance. Thus center, why would the United States, a place of God, allow something morally incorrectly and sinful? Some would argue that homosexual marriage is a step in the right direction for human rights. They believe it is an act of freedom. This is wrong because homosexual matrimony is everything God stands against. Citizens today do not have the right to try and add or delete any scriptures in the Bible to help themselves. God made the Bible to guide hoi polloi in the right direction. People need to read the bible in order to understand the word, not to change it. Accepting homosexual marriage would only hurt America. It is a major threat to the structure of families. The country should not get under ones skin lightly the meaning of marriage and on a higher note try and take it away. Marriage is like a brand new car once you take that car off of the car lot the value of it depreciates. Giving homosexuals the right to marry would depreciate the value of marriage and the pride it once carried will be no more. Not only does it do that, but more importantly it goes against God We must preserve our values and morality for ge nerations to come, for those children being born today and next year. The marriage between two people of the same sex is against Gods beliefs, a threat to the structure of families and a sin to mankind. With dedication and perseverance people who oppose gay marriages can succeed in ending the debate of making it legal.

Essay --

Less than 1% of the water supply on earth can be used as drinking water.By the while a person feels thirsty, his or her body has lost over 1 percent of its total water amount.About 25,700 litres (6,800 gallons) of water is required to grow a days food for a family of four.A child dies every 8 seconds from water-related disease.Groundwater can take a human lifetime just to traverse a mile. A person can live about a month without food, but only about a week without water. If a human does not consume enough water dehydration is the result.Most of the earths surface water is permanently frozen or salty.If all the worlds water were fit into a gallon jug, the refreshful water available for us to use would equal only about one tablespoon When water contains a lot of calcium and magnesium, it is called hard water. wakeless water is not suited for all purposes water is normally used for. An acre of corn will give off 15,000 litres (4,000 gallons) of water per day in evaporation.A small dr ip from a faucet can waste as much as 75 litres of water a day. Of all the water on earth, o...

Essay --

Less than 1% of the pee supply on earth can be utilise as drinking wet.By the time a person feels thirsty, his or her body has lost over 1 percent of its total water amount. round 25,700 litres (6,800 gallons) of water is required to grow a days food for a family of four.A child dies every 8 seconds from water-related disease.Groundwater can take a human life history just to traverse a mile. A person can live about a month without food, but only about a week without water. If a human does not absorb enough water dehydration is the result.Most of the earths surface water is permanently frozen or salty.If all the worlds water were fit into a gallon jug, the fresh water available for us to use would equal only about one tablespoon When water contains a lot of calcium and magnesium, it is called hard water. Hard water is not suited for all purposes water is normally used for. An acre of corn will give away 15,000 litres (4,000 gallons) of water per day in evaporation.A small drip f rom a faucet can waste as much as 75 litres of water a day. Of all the water on earth, o...

Edmee Ferrer Essay

Professor Anderson Listening to the Womens Rights was actually moving and it actually touched me and I learned a lot about what women had to go through and are still going through. I learned about Elizabeth Cady Stanton and what an fearsome and ruling woman she was. Stanton was born in November. 12, 1815 and died in October. 26, 1902. She was an American Social Activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early Womens Rights Movement. Besides focusing on Womens Rights she also addressed issues pertaining to voting rights, womens parental and custody rights, property rights, employment and income rights, divorce, the economic health of the family and birth control. She was also an outspoken supporter of the nineteenth century temperance movement. In 1920 women gained the right to vote, right of citizens of United States to vote shall not be denied by the United States or any state on account of sex. In the 1940s and the 1950s men had to go out to war so it left women to depen d on themselves and started working to provide for their family. I also learned about the first-wave feminism and the second-wave feminism. The first-wave feminism focused more on suffrage and overturning legal obstacles to gender equality, voting rights, and property rights.The second-wave feminism broadened the study to a wide range of issues like sexuality, family, the work place, reproductive rights, and official legal inequalities. The second-wave feminism also focused on domestic violence and marital rape issues, establishment of rape crisis and battered womens shelter, also changes in custody and divorce law. I can say that I am very proud to be a woman, we wipe out had to go through many challenges, having to be slaves of our life as wifes and mothers and kinsperson makers. Being sex slaves to our husbands, looked d bear at or feel less than a man. Not able to work or feel independent. We women are powerful and strong and capable of changing the world forever, capable of showing how we can be as amazing as any man can. Women now have as many rights as any man have. An example of these rights are the right to vote, to hold public office, to work, to fair wages or equal pay, to own property, to education, to serve in the military, enter into legal contracts, and to have marital and parental rights.

Anatony Exam Questions Essay

Chapter 19 BloodSpecify the composition and functions of plasma.Plasma is mainly composed of water, electrolytes, and proteins, in particular, globulin and albumin. Its most important functions include the transfer of training of carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, amino acids, and lipids, among opposites.Describe the recycling system for aged or damaged red parentageline cellsOld or damaged red bank line cells are re rackd after certain macrophages called Kupfer cells consume them through phagocytosis. The hemoglobin portion of the red line is broken down into heme and globin. The globin portion is reused opus the heme portion is further degraded into iron, which is also reused.III. Explain the importance of seam typing and the basis for aboriginal and Rh incompatibilities.Blood typing fundamentally determines the blood attribute of a person. Performing blood typing is important most e excessly during transfusion so that doctors would be able to transfuse the get hold of blo od type to the uncomplaining. It is important to infuse blood with same blood type as the patient to avoid transfusion reactions.On the other hand, ABO and Rh incompatibilities happen when the blood being transfused does not have the same blood type and Rh as the patient. For example, its is ABO incompatible if blood type B is transfused to a patient with blood type A. Likewise, it is Rh incompatible if a patient who is blood type B, Rh positive, or a patient who has the D antigen in his blood, is transfused with a blood that is blood type B, Rh positive, or a patient who lacks the D antigen in his blood.Categorize the various light blood cells on the basis of their structures and functions.Generally, tweed blood cells are divided into deuce categories the granulocytes, which are white blood cells with granules in their cytoplasm and agranulocytes, which are white blood cells without granules. Granulocytes are basically cells with phagocytic capabilities which include neutrophil s, eosinophils, monocytes, and basophils. On the other hand, agranuloctyes mainly include the lymphocytes, which are cells responsible for producing antibodies to fight contrary substances and induce immunity.Chapter 22 Lymphatic System and ImmunityI Identify the major components of the lymphatic system, and explain their functionsThe major components of the lymphatic system include, the bone marrow, which lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. Their main functions include the transferee of lipids to the blood, the production of lymphocytes for defense against diseases, and also drains fluid from cells and tissues.List the bodys nonspecific defenses and explain the function of each.The bodys nonspecific defenses include kowtow barriers and mucous membranes which block foreign substances from entering, fever, which is a defense against inflammation, and white blood cells such as basophils, neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells, and eosinophils, which all kill and attack foreign substances.III. Define specific resistance, and identify the forms and properties of immunity.Specific resistance means having an immunity to a particular foreign substance or disease. This type of resistance is bring forth by lymphocytes, such as cytotoxic T-cells, and antibodies. However, immunity can also be acquired through vaccination against a disease.Chapter 20 HeartDescribe the stead and general features of the centre of attention.The heart is located in the middle of the thorax, underneath the left breastbone. The features of the heart include the atrium, which are dickens chambers on the upper part, the ventricles, which two chambers on the lower part, the septum, a muscle in the middle that separates the left and honorable side of the heart, and valves that regulate blood flow.Trace the flow of blood through the heart, identifying the major blood vessels, chambers, and heart valvesThe oxygen-poor blood first enters the heart through two large veins, the superior and inferior vena cava, and fill the right atrium. The tricuspid valve opens and blood fills the right ventricle. After the right ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve closes to prevent the blood from flowing back to the atrium. Next, the pneumonic valve opens waiveing the blood flow into the pneumonic artery and to the lungs.The pulmonary valve closes to prevent blood from reentering the right ventricle. The oxygen rich blood from the lungs then enters the pulmonary vein and fills the left atrium. The mitral valve then opens to allow the blood to fill the left ventricle. The mitral valve then closes to prevent blood from reentering the left atrium. Blood then flows through the aorta and to the rest of the body.III. Describe the events of an action authorisation in cardiac muscle, and explain the importance of atomic number 20 ions to the contractile processThe contraction of the heart itself is basically caused by contractions of small cells of the heart, which is triggered by e lectric impetus called action potential. The cardiac muscle is basically stimulated to by a voltage to contract. During these events inward flow of calcium ions is equal to the outward flow of potassium. Basically, calcium is important because when it is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum it increases myoplasmic free calcium which it turn causes contractionDescribe the vascular supply to the heart.The vascular supply or the oxygen supply to the heart is basically carried out by one atrium and one ventricle.Explain the events of the cardiac cycle, including atrial and ventricular systole and diastole, and relate the heart sounds to specific events in the cycle.The cardiac cycle basically begins with Diastasis where in the pressure in the aorta is descreasing while the venous pressure is increasing. Once the tricuspid and mitral valves close, the first hear t sound is produced which is cognize as S1 or first lub-dub. Next is the atrial contraction wherein the atria transfers b lood into the ventricle and increases ventricular pressure. In the ventricular isometric contraction, the aortic and pulmonary valves close, the blood volume is constant and the pressure slightly increases.Here, the second lub-dub sound or S2 sound is produced. Next is called rapid ejection wherein the aortic valves open and blood flows rapidly from the ventricle into the aorta. Afterwards, The ejection or flow of blood from the ventricles decreases along with ventricular and aortic pressure. The left ventricle pressure then decreases causing the aortic and pulmonary valves to close and this is called Isometric Relaxation. Finally the blood from the aorta to the peripheral arteries continues to flow while the aortic pressure falls slowly.Chapter 21 Blood vessels and CirculationDistinguish among the types of blood vessels on the basis of their structure and function.The are basically three types of blood vessels the arteries, veins, and capillaries. The arteries pump blood away from the heart while the veins pump blood towards the heart. On the other hand, capillaries basically connect the arteries and veins and allows exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.Describe the factors that influence blood pressure and how blood pressure is regulatedBlood pressure is basically the measurement pressure applied on the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood through the body. The factors that influence blood pressure are the amount of force and blood pumped and the size and versatility of the arteries. However, other factors that also affect blood pressure include temperature, diet, emotional and physical state, posture, and medication.III. Identify the principal blood vessels and the functional characteristics of the special circulation to the brain, heart, and lungs.The principal blood vessels are the arteries, veins, and capillaries. The types of special circulation include coronary circulation which is the circulation of blood in the blood vessels which deliver blood to and from the heart muscle. In the brain, the arteries that carry blood to the brain are the internal carotids and vertebral arteries. On the other hand, blood is circulated to the lungs to gain oxygen before it is transported throughout the entire body.Discuss the mechanisms and various pressures touch on in the movement of fluids between capillaries and interstitial spaces.The fluid here basically flows out of a capillary near an atriole and reenters a capillary near a venule. However, the movement of the fluid at any point in the capillary wall is determined by blood pressure and osmotic pressure, which are two opposing forces. Basically the movement of tissue and blood fluids are different because of their osmotic pressure disparity.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Thirteen

TyrionThe north went on forever.Tyrion Lannister knew the maps as well as any star, exclusively a fortnight on the wild track that passed for the kingsroad up here had brought home the lesson that the map was one thing and the land quite another.They had left Winterfell on the same day as the king, amidst all the commotion of the royal departure, riding out(p) to the break down of men shouting and horses snorting, to the rattle of wagons and the groaning of the queens huge wheelhouse, as a light snow flurried roughly them. The kingsroad was just beyond the sprawl of castle and town. There the banners and the wagons and the columns of knights and freeriders turned south, taking the tumult with them, while Tyrion turned north with Benjen serious and his nephew.It had grown c honest-to-goder after that, and distant more quiet.West of the road were boulde reddened hills, grey and rugged, with tall watchtowers on their stony summits. To the east the land was lower, the ground flatt ening to a rolling plain that stretched remote as far as the eye could see. Stone bridges spanned swift, narrow rivers, while small farms spread in rings around holdfasts beleaguered in woodwind instrument and stone. The road was well trafficked, and at night for their comfort there were vulgar inns to be found.Three days ride from Winterfell, however, the farmland gave way to dense wood, and the kingsroad grew lonely. The flint hills rose higher and wilder with each passing mile, until by the fifth day they had turned into mountains, cold blue-grey giants with jagged promontories and snow on their shoulders. When the wind blew from the north, presbyopic plumes of ice crystals flew from the high peaks worry banners.With the mountains a wall to the west, the road veered north by northeast through the wood, a forest of oak and evergreen and blackened brier that seemed older and darker than any Tyrion had ever seen. The wolfswood, Benjen Stark called it, and indeed their nights c ame alive with the howls of distant packs, and some not so distant. Jon Snows albino direwolf pricked up his ears at the nightly howling, merely never raised his own voice in reply. There was something very un practisetling about that animal, Tyrion thought.There were eight in the party by then, not run the wolf. Tyrion traveled with devil of his own men, as befit a Lannister. Benjen Stark had lonesome(prenominal) his bastard nephew and some fresh mounts for the Nights Watch, but at the edge of the wolfswood they stayed a night behind the wooden walls of a forest holdfast, and there joined up with another of the black brothers, one Yoren. Yoren was stooped and sinister, his features hidden behind a beard as black as his clothing, but he seemed as tough as an old root and as hard as stone. With him were a pair of ragged peasant male childs from the Fingers. Rapers, Yoren said with a cold matter at his charges. Tyrion understood. Life on the Wall was said to be hard, but no doub t it was preferable to castration.Five men, three boys, a direwolf, twenty horses, and a cage of ravens given over to Benjen Stark by Maester Luwin. No doubt they do a curious fellowship for the kingsroad, or any road.Tyrion noticed Jon Snow watching Yoren and his sullen companions, with an odd cast to his face that looked uncomfortably like dismay. Yoren had a twisted shoulder and a sour smell, his hair and beard were matted and greasy and full of lice, his clothing old, blameched, and seldom washed. His two young recruits smelled even worse, and seemed as stupid as they were cruel.No doubt the boy had made the mistake of implying that the Nights Watch was made up of men like his uncle. If so, Yoren and his companions were a rude awakening. Tyrion felt sorry for the boy. He had chosen a hard life . . . or perhaps he should say that a hard life had been chosen for him.He had rather less sympathy for the uncle. Benjen Stark seemed to sh are his brothers distaste for Lannisters, a nd he had not been pleased when Tyrion had told him of his intentions. I warn you, Lannister, youll find no inns at the Wall, he had said, looking down on him.No doubt youll find some place to put me, Tyrion had replied. As you might have noticed, Im small. i did not say no to the queens brother, of course, so that had settled the matter, but Stark had not been happy. You will not like the ride, I promise you that, hed said curtly, and since the moment they set out, he had done all he could to live up to that promise.By the end of the first week, Tyrions thighs were raw from hard riding, his legs were cramping badly, and he was chilled to the bone. He did not complain. He was damned if he would give Benjen Stark that satisfaction.He took a small revenge in the matter of his riding fur, a tattered bearskin, old and mustinessy-smelling. Stark had collide withered it to him in an excess of Nights Watch gallantry, no doubt expecting him to graciously decline. Tyrion had accepted with a smile. He had brought his warmest clothing with him when they rode out of Winterfell, and soon discovered that it was nowhere some warm enough. It was cold up here, and growing colder. The nights were well below freezing now, and when the wind blew it was like a knife cutting right through his warmest woolens. By now Stark was no doubt regretting his chivalrous impulse. Perhaps he had learned a lesson. The Lannisters never declined, graciously or otherwise. The Lannisters took what was offered.Farms and holdfasts grew scarcer and smaller as they touch northward, ever deeper into the darkness of the wolfswood, until finally there were no more roofs to shelter under, and they were thrown back on their own resources.Tyrion was never much use in making a camp or breaking one. Too small, too hobbled, too in-the-way. So while Stark and Yoren and the other men erected rude shelters, tended the horses, and make a fire, it became his custom to take his fur and a wineskin and go off by h imself to read.On the eighteenth night of their journey, the wine was a rarefied new amber from the Summer Isles that he had brought all the way north from Casterly Rock, and the book a rumination on the history and properties of dragons. With Lord Eddard Starks permission, Tyrion had borrowed a few rare volumes from the Winterfell library and packed them for the ride north.He found a comfortable spot just beyond the noise of the camp, beside a swift-running stream with waters sporting and cold as ice. A grotesquely ancient oak provided shelter from the biting wind. Tyrion curled up in his fur with his back against the trunk, took a sip of the wine, and began to read about the properties of dragonbone. Dragonbone is black because of its high iron content, the book told him. It is strong as steel, yet lighter and far more flexible, and of course utterly proof(predicate) to fire. Dragonbone bows are largely prized by the Dothraki, and small wonder. An archer so armed can outrange any wooden bow.Tyrion had a morbid fascination with dragons. When he had first come to great powers Landing for his sisters wedding to Robert Baratheon, he had made it a point to seek out the dragon skulls that had hung on the walls of Targaryens throne room. King Robert had replaced them with banners and tapestries, but Tyrion had persisted until he found the skulls in the dank wine cellar where they had been stored.He had expected to find them impressive, perhaps even frightening. He had not thought to find them beautiful. to date they were. As black as onyx, polished smooth, so the bone seemed to shimmer in the light of his torch. They liked the fire, he sensed. Hed thrust the torch into the mouth of one of the larger skulls and made the shadows leap and dance on the wall behind him. The teeth were long, curving knives of black diamond. The flame of the torch was nothing to them they had bathed in the genus Oestrus of far greater fires. When he had moved away, Tyrion could ha ve sworn that the beasts empty eye sockets had watched him go.There were nineteen skulls. The oldest was more than three thousand years old the youngest a mere century and a half. The most recent were also the smallest a matched pair no bigger than mastiffs skulls, and oddly misshapen, all that remained of the last two hatchlings born on Dragonstone. They were the last of the Targaryen dragons, perhaps the last dragons anywhere, and they had not lived very long.From there the skulls ranged upward in size to the three great monsters of song and story, the dragons that Aegon Targaryen and his sisters had unleashed on the Seven Kingdoms of old. The singers had given them the names of gods Balerion, Meraxes, Vhaghar. Tyrion had stood between their gaping jaws, wordless and awed. You could have ridden a horse down Vhaghars gullet, although you would not have ridden it out again. Meraxes was even bigger. And the greatest of them, Balerion, the Black Dread, could have swallowed an aurochs whole, or even one of the hairy mammoths said to roam the cold wastes beyond the Port of Ibben.Tyrion stood in that dank cellar for a long time, staring at Balerions huge, empty-eyed skull until his torch burned low, trying to grasp the size of the living animal, to imagine how it must have looked when it spread its great black wings and swept across the skies, leading fire.His own remote ancestor, King Loren of the Rock, had tried to stand against the fire when he joined with King Mern of the mountain chain to oppose the Targaryen conquest. That was close on three coke years ago, when the Seven Kingdoms were kingdoms, and not mere provinces of a greater realm. Between them, the Two Kings had six hundred banners flying, five thousand mounted knights, and ten times as many freeriders and men-at-arms. Aegon Dragonlord had perhaps a fifth that number, the chroniclers said, and most of those were conscripts from the ranks of the last king he had slain, their loyalties uncertain.The h osts met on the broad plains of the Reach, amidst golden fields of wheat ripe for harvest. When the Two Kings charged, the Targaryen army shivered and shattered and began to run. For a few moments, the chroniclers wrote, the conquest was at an end . . . but only for those few moments, earlier Aegon Targaryen and his sisters joined the battle.It was the only time that Vhaghar, Meraxes, and Balerion were all unleashed at once. The singers called it the Field of Fire.Near four thousand men had burned that day, among them King Mern of the Reach. King Loren had escaped, and lived long enough to surrender, pledge his fealty to the Targaryens, and be defecate a son, for which Tyrion was duly grateful.why do you read so much?Tyrion looked up at the sound of the voice. Jon Snow was standing a few feet away, regarding him curiously. He closed the book on a finger and said, Look at me and tell me what you see.The boy looked at him suspiciously. Is this some kind of trick? I see you. Tyrion La nnister.Tyrion sighed. You are remarkably polite for a bastard, Snow. What you see is a dwarf. You are what, twelve?Fourteen, the boy said.Fourteen, and youre taller than I will ever be. My legs are short and twisted, and I walk with difficulty. I require a special saddle to keep from falling off my horse. A saddle of my own design, you may be interested to know. It was either that or ride a pony. My arms are strong enough, but again, too short. I will never make a swordsman. Had I been born a peasant, they might have left me out to die, or sold me to some slavers grotesquerie. Alas, I was born a Lannister of Casterly Rock, and the grotesqueries are all the poorer. Things are expected of me. My father was the Hand of the King for twenty years. My brother later killed that very same king, as it turns out, but life is full of these superficial ironies. My sister married the new king and my repulsive nephew will be king after him. I must do my part for the honor of my House, wouldnt y ou agree? Yet how? Well, my legs may be too small for my body, but my head is too large, although I prefer to think it is just large enough for my intellect. I have a realistic grasp of my own strengths and weaknesses. My mind is my weapon. My brother has his sword, King Robert has his warhammer, and I have my mind . . . and a mind needs books as a sword needs a whetstone, if it is to keep its edge. Tyrion tapped the leather cover of the book. Thats why I read so much, Jon Snow.The boy absorbed that all in silence. He had the Stark face if not the name long, solemn, guarded, a face that gave nothing away. Whoever his mother had been, she had left little of herself in her son. What are you reading about? he asked.Dragons, Tyrion told him.What good is that? There are no more dragons, the boy said with the easy certainty of youth.So they say, Tyrion replied. Sad, isnt it? When I was your age, used to dream of having a dragon of my own.You did? the boy said suspiciously. Perhaps he tho ught Tyrion was making fun of him.Oh, yes. Even a stunted, twisted, flagitious little boy can look down over the world when hes seated on a dragons back. Tyrion pushed the bearskin aside and climbed to his feet. I used to erupt fires in the bowels of Casterly Rock and stare at the flames for hours, pretending they were dragonfire. Sometimes Id imagine my father burning. At other times, my sister. Jon Snow was staring at him, a look equal parts horror and fascination. Tyrion guffawed. Dont look at me that way, bastard. I know your secret. Youve dreamt the same kind of dreams.No, Jon Snow said, horrified. I wouldnt . . . No? Never? Tyrion raised an eyebrow. Well, no doubt the Starks have been terribly good to you. Im certain Lady Stark treats you as if you were one of her own. And your brother Robb, hes always been kind, and why not? He gets Winterfell and you get the Wall. And your father . . . he must have good reasons for packing you off to the Nights Watch . . . Stop it, Jon Sno w said, his face dark with anger. The Nights Watch is a master callingTyrion laughed. Youre too smart to believe that. The Nights Watch is a midden heap for all the misfits of the realm. Ive seen you looking at Yoren and his boys. Those are your new brothers, Jon Snow, how do you like them? Sullen peasants, debtors, poachers, rapers, thieves, and bastards like you all wind up on the Wall, watching for grumkins and snarks and all the other monsters your wet nurse warned you about. The good part is there are no grumkins or snarks, so its scarcely dangerous work. The bad part is you freeze your balls off, but since youre not allowed to breed anyway, I dont suppose that matters.Stop it the boy screamed. He took a step forward, his hands coiling into fists, close to tears.Suddenly, absurdly, Tyrion felt guilty. He took a step forward, intending to give the boy a reassuring pat on the shoulder or mutter some word of apology.He never saw the wolf, where it was or how it came at him. One mo ment he was walk toward Snow and the next he was flat on his back on the hard rocky ground, the book spinning away from him as he fell, the breath going out of him at the sudden impact, his mouth full of dirt and blood and rotting leaves. As he tried to get up, his back spasmed painfully. He must have wrenched it in the fall. He ground his teeth in frustration, grabbed a root, and pulled himself back to a sitting position. Help me, he said to the boy, reach up a hand.And suddenly the wolf was between them. He did not growl. The damned thing never made a sound. He only looked at him with those bright red eyes, and showed him his teeth, and that was more than enough. Tyrion sagged back to the ground with a grunt. Dont help me, then. Ill sit right here until you leave.Jon Snow stroked Ghosts densely white fur, smiling now. invite me nicely.Tyrion Lannister felt the anger coiling inside him, and crushed it out with a will. It was not the first time in his life he had been humiliated, and it would not be the last. Perhaps he even deserved this. I should be very grateful for your kind assistance, Jon, he said mildly.Down, Ghost, the boy said. The direwolf sat on his haunches. Those red eyes never left Tyrion. Jon came around behind him, slid his hands under his arms, and lifted him easily to his feet. Then he picked up the book and handed it back.Why did he attack me? Tyrion asked with a sidelong glance at the direwolf. He wiped blood and dirt from his mouth with the back of his hand.Maybe he thought you were a grumkin.Tyrion glanced at him sharply. Then he laughed, a raw snort of amusement that came bursting out through his nose entirely without his permission. Oh, gods, he said, choking on his laugh and shaking his head, I suppose I do rather look like a grumkin. What does he do to snarks?You dont want to know. Jon picked up the wineskin and handed it to Tyrion.Tyrion pulled out the stopper, tilted his head, and squeezed a long stream into his mouth. The wine was cool fire as it trickled down his throat and warmed his belly. He held out the skin to Jon Snow. emergency some?The boy took the skin and tried a cautious swallow. Its true, isnt it? he said when he was done. What you said about the Nights Watch.Tyrion nodded.Jon Snow set his mouth in a grim line. If thats what it is, thats what it is.Tyrion grinned at him. Thats good, bastard. Most men would rather deny a hard truth than face it.Most men, the boy said. But not you.No, Tyrion admitted, not me. I seldom even dream of dragons anymore. There are no dragons. He scooped up the fallen bearskin. Come, we had better return to camp before your uncle calls the banners.The walk was short, but the ground was rough underfoot and his legs were cramping badly by the time they got back. Jon Snow offered a hand to help him over a thick tangle of roots, but Tyrion shook him off. He would make his own way, as he had all his life. Still, the camp was a welcome sight. The shelters had been thrown u p against the tumbledown wall of a long-abandoned holdfast, a shield against the wind. The horses had been fed and a fire had been laid. Yoren sat on a stone, skinning a squirrel. The savory smell of stew filled Tyrions nostrils. He dragged himself over to where his man Morrec was tending the stewpot. Wordlessly, Morrec handed him the ladle. Tyrion tasted and handed it back. More pepper, he said.Benjen Stark emerged from the shelter he shared with his nephew. There you are. Jon, damn it, dont go off like that by yourself. I thought the Others had gotten you.It was the grumkins, Tyrion told him, laughing. Jon Snow smiled. Stark shot a baffled look at Yoren. The old man grunted, shrugged, and went back to his all-fired work.The squirrel gave some body to the stew, and they ate it with black bread and hard cheese that night around their fire. Tyrion shared around his skin of wine until even Yoren grew mellow. One by one the company drifted off to their shelters and to sleep, all but J on Snow, who had drawn the nights first watch.Tyrion was the last to retire, as always. As he stepped into the shelter his men had create for him, he paused and looked back at Jon Snow. The boy stood near the fire, his face still and hard, looking deep into the flames.Tyrion Lannister smiled sadly and went to bed.

Financial Business Startup Essay

A major responsibility for new Financial Advisors is to formulate and conduct marketing strategies to develop and enhance lymph gland relationships. These activities are normally documented through a marketing plan. Using this document, you are asked to answer hypothetical question if you were to be hired as a financial advisor, what would your business plan look like? How would you get the word out that you are a Merrill Lynch Financial Advisor? Who would you satisfy? How would you contact them?How would you tell them your story and the Merrill Lynch story? This document will help you build a preliminary business plan. Keep an open mind as you are asked to think about all the people you touch in a typical day, as head as those people you occupy fey in the past. These individuals can be potential clients or be a great source of introduction to others who may need your services. Good luck receive free to write your responses on a separate piece of paper. Section 1 Your Vision 1 . What is your 3-year vision for your business? 2. What are your 3-year personal financial goals? . delight rank order the following in terms of your greatest interest/passion to least.Please describe the personal attributes you have that you believe will tally to your success as a Financial Advisor. 5. What do you believe ML and your local Management Team can provide to you in your first 90 days in order to help you be successful? 6. Why have you chosen the Financial Services Industry? More specifically, why have you chosen ML?Section 2 Centers of Influence Centers of Influence are individuals in our lives who tend to be well known, well liked and very well networked. Centers of Influence are valuable in making introductions to people that we may be able to help as Merrill Lynch Financial Advisors. Below ravish record the name of ten people who are Centers of Influence in your life and state what groups they can connect you with.

Evil Surrounds Us

Evil causes harm to every atomic number 53 surrounding us, including ourselves. Jealousy lies and crimes are all told led by evil domination of the human spirit. In Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the plot consists of young boys stranded on an island. The boys deal with temptations, such(prenominal) as hunger, thirst, hunting and poping. The group is quickly split in two when Jack decides he wants his own tribe (the Savages). The boys loose all their civilized knowledge. They amount only their personal needs and their vulgar sense. This novel resembles the classical play by Shakespeare, Macbeth. Macbeth visits three witches who tell him his future becoming king of Scotland. He puts his organized religion in the words and the prophecies of the witches, after their first prophecy comes square(a). With the help of his wife, Lady Macbeth, he plots many murders to assure that the prophecies will come true and to keep everything secret. both stories deal with the progression of evil. Both children and adults are drawn to the evil side. They will do anything to get what they want, even if it means becoming murderers. Evil smoke mount in transforming humans into savages. both human being is drawn to the evil side, young or old. Evil is a common theme expressed in both Lord of the Flies and Macbeth. A person can be influenced due to his exposure to a type of environment. In the first novel by William Golding, Ralph is driven to stay in control of himself. The antagonist, Jack, is opposed to Ralphs self control. From the beginning, Jack has a feeling of disobedience among the group. He believes they should all live like animals forever acting upon their instinct. Unfortunately, the majority of the boys agree with him. He uses manipulation to speculate that they will arrive at fun and be safe from an imaginary beast. Wholl join my tribe and have fun?. I gave you food, said Jack, and my hunters will protect you from the beast, who will join my tribe? (166) J ack is able to convince the others to join his tribe. Children are so innocent that they can be considered naive. By joining the tribe, they are entering the evil side. In Shakespeares play, Macbeth is revealed as a very consuming character. His wife, Lady Macbeth draws him to believe that he must become King. He murders King Duncan, thus entering himself in a world of evil.During the play, Macbeth feels the need for an assistant. He tries to convince his fri blockade Banquo, Yet, when we can entreat an hour to look/ We would spend it in some words upon that business/ If you would grant the time.(Macbeth, 2.1.) Contrary to Jack, Macbeth was not able to convince Banquo to help him. Banquo agrees to serve him only if So I lose none/ In seeking to augment it, but still keep/ My bosom franchised and allegiance clear/ I shall be counseled. Pursuing this further, both children and adults have differences and similarities. Children are young and they have not been alive long enough to cle arly know the difference among good and evil. Adults, on the other hand, can relate their judgment to their past experiences. They are still drawn to the evil side this can progress to forgetting what is their true identity, in result to fulfil their goal.Humans with evil ambitions can forget their own common sense. Murdering is a sin, as written in the Bible. The evil amongst us causes humans to do heinous acts. For example, Jack is a hunter and he believes the boys needs meat to survive. His hunts quickly involve into murders. The pigs they hunt are killed more gruesomely. Consequently, they end up killing some of the boys on the island, not realizing their own evil ambitions. In one incident, Jack is producen to have lost all his common sense. The beast struggled forward, broke the ring and fell over the steep edge of the rock to the sand by the water. At once the crowd surged after it, cowered passel the rock, leapt on the beast, screamed, struck, bit, tore.There were no wor ds, and no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws. (168) Jack simply replies that the beast had taken over Simons body. He craves to be attractor and to have all the boys following him. He stops at nothing to kill anyone that gets in his way Simon and Piggy. Driven by his ambitions, Macbeth uses the same mentality as Jack. His first murders objective was to become King of Scotland. Following King Duncans murder, he must continue killing to deceive all his doubtful citizens. In one of his famous monologue he expresses I am in blood/ Stepped in so far that, should I wade no more/ go were as tedious as go oer. (Macbeth, 3.4.) This monologue proves Macbeth has gone to far the reach his ambitions. He has gotten so utilize to murdering, that he cannot stop. In Lord of the Flies, the boys killed to prove their strength and their control. In Macbeth, he kills to gain royalty. Evil consumes humans and it can change our identity.Evil can progress by creating animalism in humans. Ever y person is born with a unique personality. The majority of the boys in Lord of the Flies would rather act upon the need to prove themselves better and stronger than the rest of the boys on Ralphs side. Depending on a persons being, he or she is more susceptible to react in a certain way to different kinds of environments. For instance, in comparison with Ralph and Jack, Ralph reacts in a very grownup way to their situation. On the other hand, Jacks animal side quickly takes over. He loses all his common sense, only reacting to his animal side. With a familiar rhythm Kill the beast Cut his throat Spill his blood (205), this song was sung as a hymn to their tribe. Contrary to Jack, Macbeths murders were make more humanly, than savagely. Furthermore, Macbeth feels the need to hide his heinous crimes, he states Look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent undert. (Macbeth, 1. 5.) By murdering, Macbeth and Jack proved their dexterity to act as animals. Depending on a persons pers onality, many humans have the need to set his animal side free.The progression of evil can impress a human beings life in many ways. Both children and adults are attracted to the evil side. Humans feel the need to continue evil deeds to achieve their goals. This can cause an uncontrollable savageness in a persons mind and behavior. The mind has been studied throughout history. It is an extremely complex organ and it is impossible to explicate it completely. Most of the existing explanations are based on theories. One theory heard of is a humans criminal mind, or an expression also used an evil mind. Do only criminals have an evil mind or do all human beings have the hidden capacity to kill?

Crucible Belonging Short Summaries

John Proctor -Proctor is an individual who has not put a high priority on Belonging in his life. The fact that he hates and distrusts Parris adds to this superstar of not breaking I agree trouble enough without I come five mile to hear him preach only hellfire and bally(a) damnation. (visual imagery related to hell) Take it to heart Mr Parris. There are many others who stay away from church these days because you hardly ever mention theology anymore. -Proctor chooses not to belong to Salem nightclub.His perdition, even when only Elizabeth knows about it, makes him uncomfortable in terms of belonging in Salem society. He says, l cannot sit the gibbet like a saint. (metaphor) It is a fraud. I am not that man -Proctor doesnt belong in his own family. At the beginning of the play his sin is still having a negative influence on his relationship with his wife, Elizabeth. Proctor says Spare me You forget nothin and forgive nothin Proctor uses repetition and alliteration to make his superlative to Elizabeth that she has not forgiven him. Proctor doesnt belong in the court. Danforth a person is either with this court or he must(prenominal) be counted against it, there be no road between -ln the finis Proctor belongs to his own values. As he chooses truth over lies. He makes peace with himself and decides to die rather than sign a mistaken confession and have it hung on the church door. Elizabeth says, He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him Elizabeths use of the personal pronoun his shows she appreciates that Proctor must judge himself. Abigail Williams Abigail is seventeen and therefore a child in Salem society and so the only legitimate way for her to belong is to accept this locating of child and obey the rules. Her exclamation to Proctor- How do you call me child shows her resentment of the status of child -Abigail belongs in the sense that she finds a place, a role and power deep down Salem society Elizabeth immediately twigs to Abig ails real motives, as shown in her words She wants me dead. I knew all week it would come to this -Abigail lies in order to remove Elizabeth and have Proctor belong to her.The audience shares Abigails view shown in her words I never knew what pretence Salem was -Abigail can be seen as someone who wants to belong as a woman, but there are no socially acceptable ways for her to achieve this. In her words You humpd me, John Proctor, and any(prenominal) sin it is, you love me yet Abigails repetition of the word love is an attempt to pull Proctor back into a relationship with her. Elizabeth Proctor -initially, Elizabeth belongs in Salem society as a member of a family (the Proctors) and as a respectable Christian wife.As she says, I am a covenanted Christian woman At the end of the play, Elizabeth is removed from belonging to Salem society. Do as you will, do as you will The repetition indicates the strength of Elizabeths resolve to allow proctor to die if he chooses to. Reverend Hal e -Reverend Hale walks into Salem as the great saviour of the community and belongs instantly. Parris greets him Mr Hale Oh Its good to see you again (Happy thankful tone) -By Act 4 Hale does not belong to conventional Salem society. His conscience alienates him from the court which he denounces at the end of act 3. I denounce these proceedings I quit this court Mary Warren -Marys story is all about belonging. As a seventeen year old, she has no status or rights in adult society in Salem. Proctor tries to get Mary to act as a member of his family in order to save Elizabeth Mary, remember the nonsuch Raphael do that which is good -Marys fall in the court is a triumph for belonging. Ill not hang with you I love God, I love God The command and repartition shows Marys choice to belong with Abigail even know she knows it is wrong.

Good Country People Essay

In Flannery OConnors short story Good Country People, Hulgas arrogance, bitterness, and rebelliousness contribute to her softness to get along with others. Her superior attitude and atheist bent combine to make Hulga a person with few redeeming qualities but an easy gull for deception disguised behind a simple mind. It is Hulgas arrogance towards other less educated than she, in the end, which prevents her from seeing through the fraud of a dishonest man. Hulgas arrogance is displayed from the beginning of Good Country People.Her mothers tenant family, the Freemans, have a pair of daughters. Although Glynese and Carramae are deuce of the nicest girls she knew (page 165) according to Mrs. Hopewell, Hulga refers them to by the derogatory nicknames of Glycerin and Caramel since she clearly thinks herself intellectually superior. Hulga has a doctorate degree from a university and often reminds her mother that were it not been for her substance problems she would be far from these red hills and good country people (page 168) which she considers far beneath her.In fact, Hulga wants nothing to do with her humble surroundings, declaring that she doesnt like animals or things in nature or even young men, who blatantly display their general stupidity. OConnor sets up this description of Hulga to foreshadow the characters response when she meets Manley Pointer and thinks of it as a great joke (page 173) upon agreeing to meet him for a picnic. Mrs.Hopewells physical description of her daughter as constant outrageobliterate every expression from her face (page 166) clearly demonstrates the effect of Hulgas bitter attitude and she constantly reminds the girl her face would be much more seductive with a smile. While her mother feels obligated to care for the girl after the unfortunate accident which took her leg, Hulga has rescinded her be untruthf in God and does not allow Mrs. Hopewell to trammel a bible in the parlor.She is unrepentant and unrelenting in her bitterne ss. Hulga has lost so much of her life to this quality and the threat of her medical condition that she feels compelled to lie to Manley Pointer about her age, telling him she is 17 instead of the 32 years shes actually lived. Hulga is rebellious against the society of which she disapproves as well as her induce mother. She looks down on Mrs. Hopewell and her desire to find good country people (page 166) with which to associate.Impressed to walk the fields with her mother, Hulga manages to make it as uncomfortable as viable with remarksso ugly and her face so glum. Hulga smugly responds that that she is merely being herself and this is what her mother gets for asking her to come along. Hulga feels triumphant in legally changing her name into one so ugly that her mother had not been able to turn her dust into Joy (page 167). She continues to rebel against convention, eagerly accompanying Manley Pointer for a rare opportunity to speak with him regarding what she feels are philosoph ical subjects.Of course it is this rebelliousness that allows him to take advantage of her. Hulga and her mean spirit, arrogance, bitterness and rebelliousness are the perfect cabal to be brought down by a simple con man who need do nothing more than show a bit of interest group in the reclusive girl. Through OConnors characterization the author retells the moral of the fabled tortoise and hare and reminds the reader of the pitfalls of arrogance.

Karl Marx and Marxist Class Struggle

loss Approach Marxs Beliefs Philosophy was meant to be used as a tool to bring about change. The capitalist system caused the alienation of the workers, thusly causing them not to be able to live to the fullest http//ragingdove12603. tripod. com/id13. html Queen, Plaid, and Big Tall Goony-Goony walk into A&P in nothing but bathing suits, and dont even have seat on. The girls walking in naked and barefoot can represent a Marxist clan struggle. Sammys high admiration and observance from behind the cashier towards these girls in the story portrays a Marxist class struggle.He views the girls, especially Queenie, as superior and high-class, and compares himself and the place he works in as crummy. In this case, its Sammy who is the working-class, and he tries doing something about his position/status by quitting his employment for these high-class girls. He doesnt see working at A&P or his animal trainer Lengal as desirable as he sees the class of these girls. He struggles in the en d with his decision facial expression back in the big windows . . . I could see Lengel in my place in the slot . . . and my support kind of fell as I felt how hard the world was deviation to be to me hereafter. libber Approach Sammy as a possible girl Being naked approaches being revolutionary going barefoot is mere populism John Updike Populism is a political philosophy supporting the rights and power of the people in their struggle against the privileged elite. You know, its one thing to have a girl in a bathing suit on the beach . . . and another thing in the cool of the A&P, to a lower place the fluorescent lights . . . with her feet paddling along naked over our checkerboard green-and-cream rubber-tile floor. Perhaps Sammy emphasizes her descriptions of the three girls, because she admires their revolution of having to be working women/women under policy and desires their courage and freedom to be different. Or perhaps Sammy desires the freedom and sumptuosity (power) th e girls have. By entering A&P naked and barefoot the girls show power/voice to be seen, something uncommon for most girls during the time. They face the consequence of Lengal. Sammy witnessing Lengalembarrass the girls quits to stand up for them, but doesnt begin their attention.

Digital Fortress Chapter 38

Hale stop halfway to the customer 3 pantry and stared at Susan. Whats wrong, Sue? You purport terrible.Susan fought her rising fear. Ten feet away, Hales monitor lizard glowed brightly. Im Im okay, she managed, her heart pounding.Hale eyed her with a puzzled look on his face. You want some wet? Susan could not answer. She cursed herself. How could I forget to dim his damn monitor? Susan knew the moment Hale guess her of searching his terminal, hed suspect she knew his real identity, North Dakota. She feared Hale would do anything to keep that information inside Node 3.Susan wondered if she should make a dash for the door. But she never got the chance. Suddenly there was a pounding at the glass wall. Both Hale and Susan jumped. It was Chartrukian. He was banging his sweaty fists against the glass again. He looked like hed seen Armageddon.Hale scowled at the crazed Sys-Sec outside the window, then turned back to Susan. Ill be right back. Get yourself a drink. You look pale. Hale t urned and went outside.Susan steadied herself and moved quickly to Hales terminal. She reached down and adjusted the brightness controls. The monitor went black.Her psyche was pounding. She turned and eyed the conversation now taking place on the Crypto floor. Apparently, Chartrukian had not gone home, after all. The young Sys-Sec was now in a panic, spilling his guts to Greg Hale. Susan knew it didnt matter-Hale knew everything there was to know.Ive got to get to Strathmore, she thought. And fast.

Mamie Clark

Running issue MAMIE CLARK 1 Famous Person in psychology Mamie Phipps Clark MAMIE CLARK 2 Famous Person in Psychology Mamie Phipps Clark Mamie Phipps Clark was born in Hot Spring, Arkansas on April 18, 1917 to Dr. Harold and Katie Phipps.Due to her father having a practice in townsfolk the family had achieved middle class status and was allowed into more establishments that were normally whites only, which during that sequence in Arkansas was rarely comprehend of. Even though few higher educational opportunities were open to black students, after graduating from Langston High schoolhouse in 1934, Mamie was offered several scholarships and chose to accept one from Howard University. (Cherry,2013) Mamie chose to study at Howard University because it was located in the nations capital and because of the many accomplished black members of its faculty whom she viewed as role models.She began her studies at Howard as a math major, minoring in physics. There she met her future husba nd, Kenneth B. Clark, who was studying for his masters in psychology. After not getting frequently encouragement from her professors in mathematics, Kenneth encouraged Mamie to change her major to psychology for employment possibilities and the destiny to explore her interest in children. (Cherry, 2013) When completing her masters degree in 1939, she worked and studied children in an all-black preschool.During that time she met with pyschologists, Ruth and Gene Harley who were studying self-identification in young children and encouraged Mamie to do the same with the children in the preschool. This resulted in her completed thesis The Development of Consciousness of Self in Negro Pre-School Children. (Cherry,2013) MAMIE CLARK 3 Mamie transferred to capital of South Carolina University to finish her doctorate degree, where she graduated in 1943 as the second African American to earn a degree (first eing her husband, Kenneth Clark). Then Drs. Mamie and Kenneth Clark used their rese arch with children to show that black children became aware of their racial identity by the age of 3 and by segregating them from white children the children saw their race as negative. This led the Clarks to position their findings during integration trials for the NAACPs case in Brown v. Board of Education, which overturned racial segregation in earth schools in 1954. (Mamie Clark, 2013)After several years working in public and private mixer services world unsatisfied with what she saw, Mamie founded the Northside Center for Child Development, the first center to provide therapy for children in Harlem. At a time when public schools were illegally enrolling many black children into programs for the mentally handicapped, the center conducted its own intelligence tests, fought the schools, and empowered the topical anesthetic population. Realizing that therapy alone could not address the affects of racism on the community, Northside also assisted families with their housing and financial difficulties.Mamie Clark worked for Northside until solitude in 1980 and died three years later of cancer. (Mamie Clark, 2013) Using the Sociocultural aspect of psychology, it is easily seen that Mamie Clark was influenced by social and cultural she experienced in her life. Growing up in Arkansas during the times where racism were actually apparent and segregation was dominant, she was fortunate enough to have been born into a middle class family. Mamie was adequate to see both sides of the segregation by being allowed into white establishments.This had a significant impact on her way of thinking, she wanted to both races to be seen equally and this eventually led to her involvement in the desegregation of public schools. MAMIE CLARK 4 References Mamie Clark, a Supporter of the Black Child. (2013). Retrieved on January 18, 2013 from http//www. aaregistry. org/historic_events/view/mamie-clark-supporter-black-child Cherry, Kendra. Mamie Phipps Clark Biography. (2013). Re trieved on January 18, 2013 from

Illustrative Essay Essay

In society today we look at magazines and movies and strive to be only when like the people we see. The guys in these magazines have six packs and arms with muscles the sizing of Mt. Everest. And the girls are all size double zeros with no meat allwhere on their bodies. A lot of Americans work out and fodder to accomplish the goal of having these body types, but almost go to drastic measures to get it. Many consume inconvenience unmatchedselfs and their side effects are taking over the lives of Americans every day. Anorexia Nervosa is the number one eat ail in America. One in every one hundred woman suffers from this disorder.Anorexia is where you deprive your body from any food. This can create many problems with the body. In the beginning, minor problems can occur like fatigue, dizzy spells, and weakness. plainly later on, you can do so much as to give yourself certain heart diseases and some women even lose their menstrual cycles. Anorexia has controlled the lives of man y celebrities like Karen Carpenter (who actually died from it), Mary Kate Olsen, and Tara Reid. Another ingest disorder wide spread through the United States in Bulimia. Three in every one hundred woman suffer or have suffered from Bulimia.This disorder is where you still eat, but you cause yourself to vomit. Statistics essay that many women will turn to this disease because it is less cloggy than anorexia. Bulimia can cause clarified abdominal pain and bloating. Long term side effects of this disorder can be abject blood vessels in your eyes, rotting of your teeth, and even some types of colon and throat cancers. The last eating disorder that is an issue in the USA is obesity. Many people dont think obesity is an eating disorder, but in fact it is. Everyones standard of obesity is obviously ifferent, but on a national scale PBS says that seventy three percent of Americans are overweight or obese. corpulency can cause diabetes, strokes, heart attacks, and high blood pressure w hich are all life threatening problems. In conclusion, many eating problems are taking over America. There are healthier ship canal to get the body image you want. Dont put your body at risk on the button to be what society wants you to be. You should be healthy, but you should become healthy, in a healthy manner. If you or anyone you issue is struggling from an eating disorder, you should seek help as soon as possible.

MotEffects of Employees’ Motivation on Organizational Performance Essay

AbstractMany theories came along to show the grandness of motive. Motivators argon the intimacys that drive the employees to achieve de-motivators atomic number 18 the opposite and would postulate to deterioration on the hire out-level. Performance is instanter demanded by demand, and so, a carrying out appraisal should be do where the manager measures the commitance of an employee and acts accordingly. motive is the key to success in any crack upn task or furrow. If non met, failure lead about probably be the result. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the demotivators, the motivators of employees at rifle and the effect of these cipher outs on employees dischargeance thus musical arrangemental mathematical process and the positive correlation between both last mentioned c at oncepts. first appearanceAbraham Mas down in the mouth once said, If I were be sickped out of a plane into the ocean and told the nearest res publica was a meter land mile s a room, Id still swim. And Id despise the one who gave up. The drive for him to reach the land is a combination of ability, testamentingness, and demand. Likewise in any organic law, there is al paths a drive for employees to achieve. The sprightliness of this drive that leads to positive government activityal performance and thus success is motivation it is this passion to achieve. Motivating employees is when the employer stays them to indirect request to do what he/she knows should be done. It is too the third key performance indicator of Human resources. The main(prenominal) assets of an system of rules are the employees if non satisfied and spark offd then progress and success are neighboring to undocapable. Thus, it is a conductive synergy if dissatisfaction occurs employees would dock, procrastinate, sabotage the phoner, increase absenteeism, or evening petition. pauperism could be of dickens kinds extrinsic and intrinsic. Extrinsic motivation is base on the desire for external advantages, such as gaining laudation of differents, earning money, winning prizes etc. Usu solo toldy extrinsic motivation flows to be much(prenominal) comm solo needed among concourse who pass on low or poor self-confidence or those who lack ingrained cultivations. The midlandgoals or the inner desire to do something or gain knowledge in something is what intrinsic motivation is based on. People who are led by intrinsic motivation are those who know what their goals are and are lay outed with what they value most.Read moreWhich Factors Affect the motivation of Employees WorkingDue to the bluely rivalrous era that we live in, managers need to consider behavioral management theories to increase employees keeping and increase disposalal authorisation. After the classical school of management came the behavioral school to speak out on the stool of employees satisfaction and stated that they are driven by motivation and one could non possi bly give them the job and ask them to yield nigh performance. According to Hawthornes theory, a reflect was conducted on employees performance in dim and bright light. Results were the same because in both cases they were given recognition and attention. According to McGregor, a manager should follow his Theory Y which states that multitude are good by nature and that they are ambitious and self-motivated. A theory Y manager believes that masses get out do well at make believe if they were given the right conditions. They are the managers that usu wholey create the climate of trust that leave lead to the learning of the human resource aspect in an establishment. Following that came Maslows hierarchy of necessarily that divide the human require into five categories physiological, safety, mixer, self-esteem, and self-actualization.The first three are the lower level require and the latter two are the higher level needfully. Physiological needs are first and the most de finitive they are the basic requirements for the survival and function of humans and are met by having a hygienic environment at plow. Safety needs are those concerning the security of the employment, resources, body, family etc. These needs are satisfied by having a sealed contract at work. Humans constantly need to shade a spirit of functioning and acceptance among their social groups. Thus Maslow proposed the third level of needs the social needs. The self-esteem needs as the name suggests, it is the need for confidence, achievement, and respect by and to others. Self-actualization which is the utmost level is met after mastering every(prenominal) prior needs one after another. It is portrayed as Maslow describes this level as the desire to accomplish e very(prenominal)thing that one crowd out, to become the most that one crapper be. Another theory is the expectancy theory which statesthat motivation is a function of expectancy, instrumentality, and value. The employee s hould know that the job or the task is not a mission impossible moreover, he/she should also know that there is a means to achieving it and if so leave be awarded in a expensive dash. After the managers apply those behavioral theories into the workplace, the organization tends to become more productive. Performance thereof needs to be measured in a litigate called performance appraisal. It is one of the periodic HRs duties in which the employee is examined and evaluated, objectively and constructively. Based on the results, which the employee should know by big(a) him/her feed venture, key areas of advancement or praise are shed light on.thitherfore, the manager will know who to promote, demote, train or even fire. There are three major steps in the performance appraisal process identification, measurement, and management. With identification, the behaviors necessary for successful performance are determined. Measurement involves choosing the appropriate instrument for apprai sal and assessing performance. Management, which is the ultimate goal, is the reinforcing of good performance and the correction of poor performance.What are the motivators and de-motivators? How do they affect performance and how they are measured? The answers will be further discussed in the literature review.Demotivators at WorkWhat does in reality motivate employees?How bath we encouragement employees morale?What butt joint we do to increase the performance and the productivity of our employees? How can we know if the way our employees are doing things is right and doing the right things? ..And the list continues.We could really spend a day just talk about the concerns of organizations when it comes to securing its continuity in this ever- evolution competitive environment. The key to success is definitely in the way we roll our employees in such a manner to boost their morale and keep them motivated to excel in their jobs for it has as major positive impact on increasing p roductivity. When we talk motivation, we need first to align whatdemotivates the employees.Demotivators are those nagging, daily occurrences that frustrate employees and cause them to reduce, either consciously or unconsciously, the amount of productive skill they use in their jobs. Demotivators are draining the life out of employees everywhere, undermining morale and wasting the most valuable resource we watch human talent and creativity. Demotivators can be a single factor or a group of factors that affect that employees morale and cause him to underperform. Not only do demotivators actuate negative emotions, but they also elicit negative behaviors such as withholding effort, absenteeism, tardiness, extended breaks, criticizing management, theft, conflict, and even violence, vandalism and sabotage. First, we are going to consider Micromanagement as a demotivator Employees pass water contrary needs, divers(prenominal) expectations, and different ambitions. Following Maslows hierarchy of needs, the physiological, safety and belongingness are the most important needs that must be secured first to any employee. Only after his basic needs are met, will he centralise on realizing his self esteem and his self actualization, thus he will go the extra mile to perform potently in order to achieve now his growing needs for achievement and for power. Micromanagement limits the employees motivation and his potential growth, and also affects his morale eventually.He will feel that hes not getting recognition and room to grow professionally. some managers apply the theory X type of management, being autocratic, never trusting their employees, nor delegating them hands on, central and formal management are some examples. any employee under these conditions will not smack a feeling of belonging to the organization, nor will he feel responsible to work effectively or to improve his performance. At the end of the day, he doesnt interpret any potential to grow ou t of his current position, or that his efforts will be appreciated as the credit would go to his managers. Hazy Job Profiles is another demotivator that is very frequent in many organizations absence seizure of a discipline job description, absence of a realistic reachable goal, absence of a clear target, absence of performance appraisal and a regular evaluation telling an employee where he stands and what areas he needs to improve, are all classic footings that define the hazy and unclear job profile that negatively affects the employees behavior. An employee needs to know what is expected from him, what his responsibilities are, what areas he is accountable for, hisreporting authority and who reports to him. entirely these are important for him to know how he will be judged and on what basis he will be evaluated and assessed. fifty-fifty though some organizations do not spend fair to middling time on setting the job profile, it is an intrinsic part to be well prepared by the HRM to give the employee the kick he needs to evaluate and advance in his career. Unclear expectations represent another demotivator that must be make forn into consideration.In fact, without realizing it, management often communicates wrong messages, or fails to communicate clearly whats take of the employees. They ask them to maximize production, emphasize on role, customer satisfaction, limit the interaction time with customers, work faster, then work safer, etc All these messages can be misleading to employees and they fail to target what is really important or to prioritize their tasks. Thus, communication is the game in everything. The result is that they lose time and energy on wrong or redundant tasks, and they accomplish wrong results that would lead them consequently to frustration, demotivation and disinterest in the job. Lets consider now the Work Environment as a demotivator In any organization, it is highly important to check the internal environment, the externa l environment and the global environment. If the subject company has a poor working conditions and a not so pleasant environment, this would kill the natural abilities of mountain to perform. Will they feel relaxed to perform? The answer is no because they will be too busy securing basic needs, again physiological and safety needs.The absence of police squad work means that employees will be looking to establish their take interests over those of the company. It is important to acquire a healthy environment, and a positive competition among employees, the sort that would push for team work, creativity and saucy ideas, not job docking or demotivation. Politics causes a suffocating environment that kills the natural abilities of the people to perform. It is difficult to fight at every step and do things which you know is must for the growth of the company. A company will cease to exist when its employees favor their own interests to those of the company. Managers here are bound t o integrate the employees in the discussions, and involve them to a certain effect in the stopping file making. Moving to the Absence of course credit, we all look to achieve, we all look for power and we all want to fit in and belong whether socially or professionally. We do it in order to feel secured, satisfiedand self content.We also do it because we look forward to enhance our self-esteem and realize our self-actualization. We also do it because we expect to be rewarded for our efforts afterwards. each employee expects something in return when he achieves outstanding results. The reward can either be monetary, a reward system, or anything positive. Not receiving any recognition for something that we really worked hard on can be, and will be frustrating. neartimes, an employee would appreciate a thank you or well done or good job from his superiors in front of a group of a few people. This will mean a lot to him and will boost his morale and entice him to maintain his per formance or push it a little further. Some companies just fail to realize that this is cheapest and most efficient form to keep the employees happy and motivated. Workload can also be considered to be a demotivator Most companies are nowadays applying the downsizing policies to be able to reduce their be and maintain their position in the market. It is off course a hard decision on any organization to decide to lay off some of its employees. Such a decision will not only have its toll on the employee himself, but it will also affect his health, his family, his colleagues and the company itself. As a matter of fact, the company will then have to redistribute the work on one or two other employees who will handle the relative tasks in admission to their current tasks.The result is too much work to complete with so little time, which leaves no accident for the employee to explore his natural abilities, or to learn refreshed-made skills. He will no longer be motivated to work, nor will he focus on achieving high results or performing effectively, as all he will care about now is how to finish the workload on time, and how he will cope with the extra work. Now, how can the Salary be a demotivator? A job should interpret the borderline expected income to lead a normal life and be able to answer the important needs of a human being to live in dignity and live decently. This is the most prevalent reason but sometimes it seems that no one is happy with what they get. If the employees salary levels within and outside the company is not at par and good performance is not adequately compensated, the employee will first not be motivated to work, no more then he will be motivated to perform his tasks correctly and effectively. Thus, overall performance is affected. organisational Culture may also demotivate employees. Employees look to fit the organizational culture and to be in harmony with theirsupervisors. Being friendly with workers, offering assistance and help , how managers dainty their teams, innovation of healthy competition, type of language people use, the way of doing things, etcThese are some of many factors that can hypothecate the companys culture and environment. If the environment is not pleasant, the employee will be demotivated. He will not be in the mood to work, nor will he communicate with his colleagues to get the job done if it requires assistance. He will not look to achieve if his relation with his supervisors is not so great, for he thinks they will get the credit, whereas he will not advance in his career. If an employee is not happy he cannot work hard, and if he dreads to go to work every day, his productivity will soon or later on drop dramatically. Organizational Policies represent a major anesthetize when talking about demotivators. Each company has its own policies but sometimes they are too many for the employee to grasp. The company also has to abide by the topical anesthetic environment policies that in clude those enforced by the government. Example of policies may include but they are not restricted by Policies for women, Special homes, Conduct, Etc These policies impact the life of employees and their working atmosphere, and can prove to be demotivating once they dont take into consideration the humanitarian view. You may not weigh it much, but people who have to travel a lot or cover a big of distance to their post know the richness of this factor in their lives.Therefore, Distance is another demotivator. The balance of life between assembly line firm and office seem to evaporate in thin air. All travel and no time for themselves demotivates them to the core. Some Meetings can be unproductive and can be time consuming and exhausting for employees, with no results to be seen. They see it as a waste of time and energy, and it leaves them demotivated. Moreover, Hypocrisy usually involves superior comments or promises, followed by contradictory behavior. Many organizations re cite one thing and do another leaving employees feeling angry, forestall and betrayed. Change may also pose a challenge and is an important factor to maintain as well as to achieve organizational success. Companies need to unfreeze the status quo, run changes then refreeze the situation again, and thats a very important cycle to be respected because constant change is extremely disruptive. Sometimes it can unplanned, badly communicated and poorly envisioned.Employees have already a lot on their back to worry still aboutunnecessary and unproductive changes. Many changes leave the employees feeling down, as they have to abide by what the management decides is right for now. Hiding Information from employees is demotivating. It can be interpreted as mistrust or a threat when the data is not communicated, leading sometimes to incoherent and contrastive efforts that are not aligned with the management vision and plan. When we dont involve employees in whats happening or why a certain decision has been taken, they will not be motivated to work nor will they feel responsible or accountable for achieving the required tasks. Lets treat the issue from the Low Quality Standards perspective Poor-quality work does not only include the cost of replacement, corpuscle and dissatisfied customers. It also includes the terribly demotivating impact on employees. Most employees look forward to achieve a work of high quality. It makes them feel good and satisfied on a personal level. However, payable to growing competition and time and costs constraints some companies are prioritizing short production goals, thus lowering the quality standards.The result is that either the customers are odd dissatisfied or the employees are left demotivated because they are involve in goal setting and process improvement. Both have devastating repercussions on the company. Why not to speak a little bit about Favoritism? Actually, Favoring one employee over another is very normal in organiz ations due to stereotyping or the look like me effect when managers and supervisors usually falls in. When the least(prenominal) successful employee gets good results, the recognition is almost absent, but if he makes the smallest mistake the punishment is tough. The opposite happens with the favored employee, and his mistakes go sometimes unnoticed and unpunished. The rest of the employees will notice and feel discrepancies, which will lead them to demotivation. drop off 5 of 13From another point of view, The Absence of a Benefit Package or the universe of discourse of a weak one can be demotivating for employees when they compare themselves to what other employees are being offered in different companies.slide 6 of 13 1111111slide 8 of 13Finally, Violence and Harassment can demotivate employees at work. There are different types of harassments at the workplace sexual, racial,personal, bullying, age harassment and disabled harassment. Issues like these can stake the safe worki ng environment that companies strive to insure. When employees dont feel safe, they will not perform and they will start absenting, docking the job, etc which will affect the overall organizational performance. Adding to that the fact that such issues can lead the organization to court shall any of the employees decide to file a lawsuit case? What a bad toll that would have on the organizations reputation and rank in the union and marketplace?Motivators at WorkEmployee motivation is a continuing challenge at work. It doesnt only guarantee that work is done in time but it also ensures that quality of work is not compromised. Employees want to earn reasonable salary to support themselves and their families. Money is the only inducement as for nada works for free no other fillip or motivational technique comes even blind drunk to it with respect to its influential value (Sara et al, 2004). It has been known as a chief source of satisfying peoples needs. It has the power to attract and bear individuals. However, it doesnt motivate it only activates employees to do the minimum that is required in their job descriptions. Frederick Herzberg, the Behavioral theorist who conducted studies on worker motivation in the 1950s and create the Motivation-Hygiene theory of worker satisfaction and dissatisfaction, concluded that hygiene factors such as salary or birth can prevent dissatisfaction, but they do not motivate employees.According to Herzberg, hygiene factors work to begin with as demotivators if they are not sufficient. As for the motivators, he believed that responsibility, recognition, achievement and advancement increase satisfaction and motivate people towards a greater effort and performance. Herzberg like many other behavioral theorists was influenced by the Maslows Hierarchy of needs concept. The theory of Herzberg has shed the light on the importance of the intrinsic aspects of a job and their ability to motivate employees. It also generated the conce pt of job enrichment. He believed that removing some of the control over employees, swelled them entreeal authority, increasing their personal responsibility and freedom in their own work and encouragingthem to take on new and more difficult tasks would enrich their job and positively motivate them. In addition, studies have shown that giving employees more responsibility and letting them feel a greater ownership in the telephone circuit make them more motivated to work harder and make the production line succeed. Non-monetary incentives such as recognition can be as successful, and sometimes more successful, than monetary based plans.According to Maurer (2001) recognition is an essential factor in enhancing employee job satisfaction and work motivation which is direct associated to organizational achievement (Jun et al., 2006). This type of incentive works well with people who are intrinsically motivated. It can be achieved by simply request employees for their opinions on spe cific issues or ideas. Such a criterion makes them feel that their opinion matters and is valued thus giving them an important role within the company. Recognition also includes acknowledging employees performance which in fact is really high on the list of employee needs for motivation. Managers should associate recognition in return with monetary gifts. Although employees would favor money, but sometimes they might also appreciate praise, a verbal or a write Thank you. Appreciation is another form of non-monetary incentive. Even though its durability isnt stressed enough however it has a significant impact on employees. Employees would appreciate being complex directly with their nimble supervisors.The daily interaction builds good relationships. Discussing and sharing different points of view and ideas assist employees in getting involved thus motivated. And in return involved employees will start working beyond what is required from them in their job description and go the extra mile for the business. Furthermore the quality time spent with employees can be a huge enabler for understanding their current motivators. This relationship is the only and the most important factor in employees retention. Recent surveys have also establish that flexible work arrangements improve employees motivation and harbor them. In addition, having a clear staffing construction in the business with a scope for career development can expand both engagement and motivation. Likewise having a bonus or commission structure and creating a Familial atmosphere, in which everybody is do by fairly, can also maximize employees motivation and productivity. Similarly, as the adage says With great power comes more responsibility, empowering employees to take responsibility for their ownjob and distributing leadership crosswise all the levels in an organization can encourage, motivate and engage them with their tasks, especially if they can be left to work autonomously. David McClel land, like Maslow, also believed that people develop various needs through with(predicate)out their life experiences. However, the only difference between McClellands theory and Maslows is that it assumed that different people have different patterns of needs.McClellands theory focused on the need for achievement which is the desire to do something better than it has been done before, the need for power which is the desire to control, influence, or be responsible for other people and the need for affiliation, which is the desire to maintain close and friendly personal relationships. According to McClelland, employees have all these needs to some extent but with different intensities. The relative strength of each need affects what will motivate each person. Managers through their daily interaction with employees can understand their behavior and the kind of motivation that best works. For example, employees with a unfaltering need for achievement are more motivated by success than by money turn employees with a reinforced need for power look for out advancement and responsibility whereas employees with a strong need for affiliation give ambition a back seat in exchange for eulogy and acceptance. Similarly, Vrooms ExpectancyValence theory suggested that people are most motivated to seek achievable and worthy results.Meaning that, the strength of motivation is a function of the perceived value of the way out and the perceived probability that the behavior will result in the import. Moreover studies have shown that making work more interesting to employees will make them give it their full attention and enthusiasm. This can be achieved by job rotation, enlargement, and enrichment. Job rotation gives employees more variety by moving from job to job and giving them the opportunity to learn new skills through cross-training. Job enlargement also assumes job variety by adding more duties to the job which in return makes it more satisfying and motivating. Job enrichment as explained by Herzberg gives employees more responsibility to make decisions and more recognition for good performance. Most of these motivation theories have one thing in common Managers must consider individual differences while designing rewards. They should always keep in mind that what motivates one person may not motivate another. So they need to offer a variety of rewards and fairly distribute them to avoiddiscrimination.Linking Motivation to PerformanceIn order for us to psychoanalyze the implications of employees motivation on the organizational performance, it would be essential for us to start by defining the organizational performance and effectiveness terminology. Researchers do not agree on a specific definition for organizational performance. In fact, they look to it from different perspectives and they might adopt divergent views in defining it. Moreover, some of them have already created business models in an effort from them to explain and highlight t his broad pillar concept in todays business World. However, the grounds for defining the organizational performance and effectiveness are common among the majority of researchers. According to Mary et al, (1996), organizational performance is the ability of a company to attain its goals and objectives by the use of its resources. It is the maximum utility and efforts of the essential constituents of an organization in achieving the organizational goals and it reflects these constituents satisfaction in the input-output transmutation process, as seen by Matthew et al, (2005).Finally, organizational performance is deemed to be the process of locating targets and attaining them proficiently in spirit up and energetic surroundings (Constant.D, 2001). But, the breakneck challenge remains in creating such energetic surroundings in nowadays business environment in an attempt to reach the highest levels of motivation. Several studies conducted around the World and in different organizatio ns assert that a positive relationship exists between the organizational performance and employees motivation. Thus, it becomes incontestable that when an organization tries to increase its employees satisfaction by motivating them, it will be increasing their performance and their effectiveness in achieving the organizational objectives set by the corporate level of management. And this is again verified by Matthew.J. et al, (2009), who consider the maximization of profits to be the fruit of a higher level of effectiveness and efficiency among workers in the business set, generated by satisfaction, delight and internal motivation. Many organizations, even unintentionally, found themselves enjoying a higher performance and effectiveness by increasing their employees degree of motivation.Manyresearches were conducted in an attempt to explain the nature of the relationship between the Human Resources Management (HRM) practices and the organizational performance. In a study realized b y Paul, A.K., & Anantharaman, R.N. (2003) and titled electric shock of people management practices on organizational performance, the authors see that it is crucial for employees to be motivated, satisfied and perpetrate in order for them to bring value and significantly contribute in the success of their organizations. Therefore, this reflects the indirect plug into between HRM policies and organizational performance through HRM output. On the other hand, controls (size, capital intensity, union intensity) which are all subtitles under the HRM policies section, may influence directly the organizational performance according to another study conducted by Huselid (1995). Thus, taking into consideration these studies, it is now clear that the HRM policies enjoy a duplicate relationship with the organizational performance (direct and indirect relationship), as they include motivation. And here, we should not forget to underline the importance of employees retention, one of the major central Performance Indicators (KPIs) in the HR of every organization, in establishing the coherence of this relationship.If a company is unable to retain its internal customers (employees), then it will encounter difficulties in capitalizing on its human asset. Thus, it is important to set employees retention as an indispensable condition to be satisfied before discussing the implications of motivation on performance. In addition to that, it is important to shed light on the fact that organizational performance is a function of a multitude of variables that must be taken into consideration when measuring overall performance. A. Katou (2008) suggests that the performance is the big manikin under which concepts such as effectiveness, efficiency, development, satisfaction, innovation and quality fall. And since these concepts are the basic components of organizational performance, thus it becomes sozzled that each one of them is directly related to performance.Therefore, anything that might positively affect any of these concepts might also be positively reflected on performance itself. Thus, when measuring the increase in organizational performance due to motivation, it becomes vital to take in consideration positive implication of motivation on each of these concepts. A high organizational performance might result due to a higher level ofeffectiveness achieved in top management positions when setting the appropriate goals and objectives and communicating these objectives to all levels and departments within the organization. And motivation, once found among top managers, it will play a major role in increasing the effectiveness of these managers in setting the appropriate goals to reach. A motivated manager will put the interest of the whole organization as a priority and will work hard with his subordinates to achieve them. In a uniform context, the Behavioral School of Management suggests that employees are more likely to express a high sense of motivat ion when they work with a motivated manager (Hawthorne studies).Staying within Katous study (2008) frame, motivation is directly related to efficiency, which constitutes the ability of firm to meet its objectives using the least amount of resources. Motivated employees are more likely to consider the costs that their organization incurs to achieve the expected goals and objectives. So, they think about squeezing the costs as a way to increase their revenues and profits, leading to a maximum efficiency and performance. Moving to the development, it is essential to say that an organization must always conduct a SWOT analysis, watching both its internal and external environment. Consequently, it must analyze any opportunity looming and try its best to make out of it the most profit it could. Thus, motivation here is essential key to performance since it leads to a proactive workforce that constantly analyzes the external environment for any opportunity, and that permanently trying to p redict the future. Hence, motivation turned out to be responsible of the subsequent future of an organization in addition to its ulterior prosperity. Finally, adhering to Katous research (2008), motivation is at the root of every step forward in the innovation concept. Definitely, a demotivated workforce will soon suffer from the routine of the daily work and will never think of finding new ways in achieving the organizational objectives or manufacturing a product and so on and so forth.Thus, a huge role is attributed to motivation in this direction. And once motivation and innovation meet, a positive synergy is created among workers at all levels of management, driving the whole organization to realize and achieve high quality and standards in serving its customers, either by providing high quality products or offering high quality work in the business environment. This would definitely drive us to talk about the competitiveadvantage that high quality and innovation would both cre ate within the organization itself, leading to outperforming competitors and to the generation of core competencies that provide the organization with the power to overcome any threat imposed by the presence of any competitor.Thus, the outcome is a higher performance due essentially to motivation. In a recent study by Nicu Ioana Elena (2011), a motivated workforce will also ensure, in addition to all of the preceding consequences discussed above, a better assumption of responsibilities in the organization leading to higher levels of performance. She also affirms in her study that organizations in which employees are motivated are more likely to witness small absenteeism rates, very low force out fluctuations, a negligible Procrastination rate (Fatigue, Stress), and frivolous percentages of Sabotage and Docking among its employees, all of them associated with burnout that leads to belittled levels of organizational performance. Finally, motivating employees might show to be of a c ertain intrinsic value to the organization itself. In fact, when an organization takes care of its employees, constantly trains and develops them and motivates them to work harder and achieve organizational goals in the most effective and efficient way, they would feel that they are treated as valuable assets in the company and they would feel the importance accorded to them by their supervisors.Thus, they will adopt a positive attitude towards the organization they work at, and this will be reflected by a better organizational reputation which may in a way or another have its own indirect implications on the organizational performance and on the way the organization is seen by competitors or other factors or players in the business environment. This point should be definitely treated in the light of the close working relationships that might unite employees from different organizations. A final point we would like to consider is the equity v/s inequity perception among employees. U sually, in the business framework, employees tend permanently to compare themselves to other employees in the same organization (Internal Equity), or in other organizations (External Equity). An employee who intuits a perception of inequity compared to one of his colleagues might face the situation with a fight, fright or course reaction. And these reactions may increase the employees turnover rate, hence reducing the organizational performance. However, motivation is the only remedy in this case, reducing inequity perceptions (Internal &External) among employees, contributing in employees retention and therefore increasing the overall organizational performance. finis and RecommendationsAfter we have discussed all of the factors affecting the employees performance in the work environment, either positively or negatively, and after having already examined the positive correlation between employees motivation and employees performance at work by showing the positive results and outc omes that may procure a motivated workforce to the organization, it becomes inarguable that steering on employees motivation as a way to increase organizational behavior is vital in insuring the organization success and continuity. In fact, a lot of organizations nowadays consider enhancing the HR practices and orienting all of their HR efforts towards achieving a higher level of motivation among employees as important as any other financial or strategic business planning. Actually, employees represent the internal customers of the organizations and their importance to the organization is as relate as the importance of normal customers. Thus, they should be taken care of and they should be treated the same way an organization treats its customers.This issue has become a very hot topic in recent business and research studies as a considerable number of companies went out of business because of lack of motivation among employees in certain industries where motivation does really cou nt. In addition to that, business planning has noticed a new trend, including a major consideration of employees motivation as a key factor leading to success. For instance, entrepreneurs are becoming more and more aware of employees motivation and they are including in their plans effective steps to work through in order to increase the level of motivation, even before starting the business. And this shows the relevance of such an issue in nowadays business world. Moreover, since reaching a high level ofperformance in the organization is the common primary goal of the different functional departments, starting with the finance department and not expiry with the marketing and sales departments, it becomes wiser to think of centering all the efforts towards increasing motivation as a way to achieve a higher level of performance, or even making it the common primary goal to reach among all of these functional departments.However, many questions can be addressed in this regard as mot ivation is relative to each employee and is a function of a multitude of cultural and societal variables. Therefore, it is not behind to achieve motivation among every individual element of the workforce and it is also not easy to reach perfection in realizing that task. Eventhough high motivational levels among employees might be reachable, it is almost impossible for executives in an organization to reach a level at which they can say Thank God our organization is blessed with a perfectly motivated workforce. This may be witnessed due to the different human, psychological, social and cultural backgrounds of employees. Finally, another factor that may pose a challenge is the ability of the HR personnel to manage the issue between theoretical and practical discrepancies regarding motivation as nothing can be perfectly applied, and everything is subject to change due to an infinite number of reasons that deserve further research and study.ReferencesAli, R., & Ahmad, M. S., (2009). 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